Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology
Physical characteristics and the relationship between genetic diversity, phenotypic diversity, heritability test and morphological character in several varieties of lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Baharudin1, Abdul Fattah1, I. Nyoman Widiarta1, Susilawati1, Ayyub Ar Rahman1*, Dwi P. Widiastuti1, Twenty Liana1, Muhamad Hidayanto1, Khojin Supriadi1, Sri Wahyuni Budiarti1, M. Sudjak Saenong1, Abdi Negara1, Asni Ardjanhar1, Rahmi H2, Muh. Asaad2, Entis Sutisna3, Ida Andriani4, Amiruddin Syam5, La Karimuna6, Robiatul Adawiyah6
Abstract
Plant characteristics, genetic diversity, and heritability are some of the factors that influence rice growth and production. This study aims to determine the physical characteristics and the relationship between genotype variants, heritability tests, and genetic progress that can contribute to rice production in lowland irrigated rice fields. This study was conducted from October 2022 to March 2023 in North Buton Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. The design used in this study was a Randomized Block Design with 7 varieties and 3 replications. The research data were analyzed based on the procedures of variance, genetic variance, heritability, agromorphological characteristics, partial correlation, and cross tests. The results obtained showed that the highest plant height characteristics were found in Ciherang (110 cm), the highest plant age was found in Ciherang (120 days). The characteristics of the 7 varieties tested, lodging properties, 57.14% were somewhat resistant to lodging and 42.86% were resistant to lodging. Pest resistance properties, tungro resistance (8.04%), resistance to brown planthopper (57.14%), and resistance to leaf blight (85.71%). Furthermore, regarding the correlation relationship, dry grain yield is positively correlated with the number of productive tillers, plant height, panicle length, grain weight, number of empty grains, full grains, and weight per 1000 grains. The genetic variation values of plant height, number of panicles, grain weight, and weight per 1000 grains are higher in the Inpari-7, Inpari-11, Inpari-13, Inpari-14, Inpari-15, Inpari-20 varieties. The highest dry grain yield is found in Inpari-13, Inpari-15, and Inpari-20 compared to Ciherang.
Keywords: Rice variety, Low land rice, Characteristics, Genetic diversity, Heritability, Grain yield
