E3S Web Conf.
Volume 361, 20223rd International Conference on Agribusiness and Rural Development (IConARD 2022)

Components of environment affecting the reproduction of powder beetle Sitophilus zeamais (motsch.)

Ayyub Arrahman*, Amelia Sebayang, F. Jamaluddin, Hishar Mirzam, Nurasiah Djaenddin, Suriani, Syahrir Pakki and Sudjak Saenong

Indonesian Cereals Research Institute, Jl. Dr. Ratulangi 274, Maros, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract. Several factors that significantly affect the reproduction of powder post beetles were food, moisture content, temperature, humidity, light, air/aeration, and the presence of natural enemies. This paper reviews the environment of the components that affect the reproduction of the powder post beetles Sitophilus zeamasi Motsch. Carbohydrates (sucrose and fructose) are the most significant energy source for the reproductive system and life span. In contrast, proteins consisting of amino acids such as arginine, lysine, leucine, isoleucine, tryptophan, histidine, phenylalanine, methionine, valine, and threonine, as well as components of fat, fatty acids, and sterols, are needed by insects for their energy supply and wing growth. The development of the powder post beetle population is rapid if the moisture content of the stored material is more than 15%. Temperature is also very influential on the reproduction of powder post beetles. The optimum humidity for this pest is around 75%. The next component is light, whereas light (dark and bright conditions) affects insect behavior in choosing food and reproducing (copulation and laying eggs). Another component is oxygen, whereby oxygen levels in the air must be more than 2%. If the CO2 level in the storage room is above 40%, then the pest in all stages will perish.

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2nd ICFST 2021 IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 911 (2021) 012055 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/911/1/012055

Foraging ability of maize weevil in several varieties under dark and light conditions 

Amelia Sebayang, Ayyub Arrahman, Syahrir Pakki, M.Sudjak Saenong
Indonesian Cereal Research Institute (ICERI), Ministry of Agriculture
Email: amelia.sebayang@gmail.com

Abstract. Laboratory research to investigate the ability of maize weevil to find food source in the dark and light condition had been conducted in laboratory of pests and plan diseases of Indonesian Cereals Research Institute, Maros, South Sulawesi. This research was arranged in complete random design with three replications. There were six maize varieties put into small glasses and placed in circle within big jar and then invested with 100 heterogenous adult maize weevils in each jar. As a control, an empty glass was put in the center of glasses circle within the jar. Observation and calculation on living and dead maize weevils on each glass and outside glass was conducted with intervals of 24, 48 and 72 after maize weevil infestation. This research was performed in the light and dark condition. Result of the research showed that maize weevil ability to find their food sources was not determined by the light and dark. In addition, from this research, it was found that there were influence of corn variety as food resources, but this factor of variety as food resources needs to be examined further. The implication of this study are about the maize varieties attracted the weevil.

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1st International Conference on Sustainable Tropical Land Management IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 648 (2021) 012034 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/648/1/012034

Controlling maize weevil in corn plants by improving cultivation technology and postharvest handling

A Arrahman and M S Saenong
Indonesian Cereal Research Institute, Maros, Indonesia
E-mail: msudjaksaenong@gmail.com

Abstract: The maize weevil is corn pests that reduce production and damages the storage quality. Therefore, pest management should simultaneously be carried out by applying all available technologies. This pest can damage up to 30% of plant productivity, not including the value of losses due to decreased quality of hazardous materials for health and safety, both as feed and feed. Aflatoxin contamination for example, can be dangerous if consumed. This paper is a desk study that reviews some literature, attempts to describe the role of cultivation technology improvement, crop protection, optimum watering, phosphate fertilization, the technology of postharvest handling, management of water content of corn kernels, sanitation, cleanliness, warehouse management, pesticide use, and fumigation in reducing the scale of damage and increasing the added value of production, and improving the quality of stored materials so that they are safe to use, both as food and feed. The utilization of cultivation technology management and good postharvest handling will have an impact on controlling and reducing the damage quality of storage materials and increasing the safe product quality for both food and feed needs as well.

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1st International Conference on Sustainable Tropical Land Management IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 648 (2021) 012021 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/648/1/012021

The in-situ inventory of natural enemies at the corn plantation experimental garden of Balitsereal (Indonesian Cereal Research Institute)

M S Saenong1 , A Arrahman1 , S P Lestari2 and F Permatasari2

1 Indonesian Cereal Research Institute, Maros, Indonesia 2 Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Yogyakarta Muhammadiyah University E-mail: msudjaksaenong@gmail.com 

Abstract. The use of natural enemies can reduce the application of insecticides which have a negative influence on ecosystems and human health. The objective of this study is to inventory the insitu of the natural enemies in corn crops that found in the experimental station of Indonesian Cereals Research Institute (Balitsereal) in Maros, South Sulawesi. The observation plot used three replications by taking a sample of 30 plants for each replication, with a total plant observation of 90 units per block. The number of natural enemy populations obtained was recorded by counting the number of natural enemies to find out the total average number of natural enemy populations contained in the observation plot. The results showed that there were 11 types of natural enemies in corn crops namely Harmonia octomaculata (lady beetle), Menochilus sexmaculatus (lady beetle), Ophionea nigrofasciata (Schmidt-Goebel) (ground beetle), Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter (plant bug), Panstenon nr. Collaris Boucek (wasp), Araneus inustus (orb spider), Cardiochiles philippinensis (wasp), Phanerotoma sp. (wasp), Pipunculus mutillatus (big-headed fly), Harpalus pensylvanicus and Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens). The existance of the above natural enemies will be very usefull in decreasing the pesticide application in the fields. 

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 Advances inAgriculture, 2026; 2026:5582995

 Effect of Storage Duration on Sorghum Seed Quality: Seed Compositionand Storage Pest Activity

Nurnina Nonci | Endang GatiLestari | Amran Muis | Syafruddin | Sri Wahyuni | Surianto Sipi |Ramlah Arief | M. SudjakSaenong | Ahmad Muliadi

This study aimed to determine the effect of storage duration on sorghum seed quality, specifically focusing on weight loss and storage pest infestation, under laboratory conditions. Eight different sorghum cultivars (Kawali, Numbu, Suri 4, Super 1, Soper 6, Bioguma 1, Bioguma 2 and Bioguma 3) were tested, each with an initial moisture content of 12%. The experiment used a completely randomised design with five replications for each cultivar. Observations for weight loss and seed damage were performed at 1, 2 and 3 months of storage. Proximate analysis was also conducted to determine the ash, protein, fat and fibre content of the sorghum cultivars. All tested sorghum cultivars demonstrated slightly moderate tolerance for up to 3 months of storage, although some experienced increased weight loss during this period. The pest species responsible for damage to stored sorghum seeds was identified as Sitophilus oryzae. Significant correlations were found between weight loss and damaged seeds, damaged seeds and crude fibre content, weight loss and crude fat content, weight loss and crude fibre content, and ash and crude protein content. This study shows that while sorghum cultivars generally exhibit slightly moderate tolerance for up to 3 months of storage, they are susceptible to damage from S. oryzae. The research also identified key compositional factors, such as fibre and fat content, that influence seed damage and weight loss during storage.

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 Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Physical characteristics and the relationship between genetic diversity, phenotypic diversity, heritability test and morphological character in several varieties of lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Baharudin1, Abdul Fattah1, I. Nyoman Widiarta1, Susilawati1, Ayyub Ar Rahman1*, Dwi P. Widiastuti1, Twenty Liana1, Muhamad Hidayanto1, Khojin Supriadi1, Sri Wahyuni Budiarti1, M. Sudjak Saenong1, Abdi Negara1, Asni Ardjanhar1, Rahmi H2, Muh. Asaad2, Entis Sutisna3, Ida Andriani4, Amiruddin Syam5, La Karimuna6, Robiatul Adawiyah6

Abstract

Plant characteristics, genetic diversity, and heritability are some of the factors that influence rice growth and production. This study aims to determine the physical characteristics and the relationship between genotype variants, heritability tests, and genetic progress that can contribute to rice production in lowland irrigated rice fields. This study was conducted from October 2022 to March 2023 in North Buton Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. The design used in this study was a Randomized Block Design with 7 varieties and 3 replications. The research data were analyzed based on the procedures of variance, genetic variance, heritability, agromorphological characteristics, partial correlation, and cross tests. The results obtained showed that the highest plant height characteristics were found in Ciherang (110 cm), the highest plant age was found in Ciherang (120 days). The characteristics of the 7 varieties tested, lodging properties, 57.14% were somewhat resistant to lodging and 42.86% were resistant to lodging. Pest resistance properties, tungro resistance (8.04%), resistance to brown planthopper (57.14%), and resistance to leaf blight (85.71%). Furthermore, regarding the correlation relationship, dry grain yield is positively correlated with the number of productive tillers, plant height, panicle length, grain weight, number of empty grains, full grains, and weight per 1000 grains. The genetic variation values of plant height, number of panicles, grain weight, and weight per 1000 grains are higher in the Inpari-7, Inpari-11, Inpari-13, Inpari-14, Inpari-15, Inpari-20 varieties. The highest dry grain yield is found in Inpari-13, Inpari-15, and Inpari-20 compared to Ciherang.

Keywords: Rice variety, Low land rice, Characteristics, Genetic diversity, Heritability, Grain yield

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 TEKNOLOGI BUDIDAYA TANAMAN SERAI WANGI

 

Ayyub Arrahman dan M.Sudjak Saenong

Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia Maros

 

ABSTRAK

Tulisan ini mengulas beberapa rujukan yang menjelaskan prihal teknologi budidaya tanaman serai. Didalam tulisan ini juga dijelaskan akan manfaat tanaman serai sebagai bahan pestisida nabati, komoditas ekport dan status plasma nutfah dari tanaman serai yang terbaik.

HASIL-HASIL TEKNOLOGI PENELITIAN ULAT GRAYAK


Ayyub Arrahman

Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia Maros

PENDAHULUAN

Jagung merupakan sumber karbohidrat dan protein yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pangan , pakan ternak, dan bahan baku untuk industri. Akhir-akhir ini pemgembangan jagung di Indonesia semakin pesat sejalan dengan meningkatnya kebutuhan akan jagung khususnya untuk pakan ternak ( Subandi et al, 2001). Di lain pihak pengembangan jagung yang intensif juga mengakibatkan munculnya berbagai masalah baik penurunan produksi maupun kualitas biji. Penurunan produksi maupun kualitas biji jagung sangat ditentukan oleh faktor abiotik dan biotik, faktor biotik berupa hama dan penyakit.

Prosedur Penelitian Double Haploid Menggunakan Aplikasi Kolkisin

Lesty Ayu BidhariBalai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia

Teknologi double haploid menjadi bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari banyak program pemuliaan jagung komersial karena galur double haploid menawarkan beberapa keuntungan ekonomi, logistik dan genetik dibandingkan galur bawaan konvensional. Dalam dua sampai tiga dekade terakhir, teknologi double haploid telah muncul sebagai alternatif yang efisien untuk metode tradisional pengembangan galur bawaan. Teknologi ini pada dasarnya mengambil sampel gamet pemisah dari plasma nutfah sumber, biasanya persilangan biparental atau populasi, dan menghasilkan galur homozigot sepenuhnya dalam satu langkah. Metode in vitro dan in vivo dapat digunakan untuk mengembangkan galur double haploid jagung. Namun, metode in vivo telah terbukti lebih andal dan efisien dalam produksi galur double haploid skala besar dan karena itu umumnya digunakan dalam jagung (Chaikam et.al 2019).

Prosedur Pengamatan Stomata Tanaman Jagung Haploid dan Diploid

Lesty Ayu Bidhari

Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia

Stomata merupakan organ penting bagi tumbuhan. Stomata merupakan organ fotosintesis yang berfungsi secara fisiologis terutama untuk transpirasi dan respirasi selama proses fotosintesis (Palit, 2008). Kerapatan stomata pada tanaman jagung berkorelasi positifdengan intensitas penyakit bulai (Agustamia et al. 2016). Stomata terdapat pada permukaan atas dan bawah daun, namun jumlahnya berbeda.Pada sebagian besar tanaman, jumlah stomata lebih banyak di permukaan bawah daun di bandingkan dengan atas (Campbell et al. 1999). Karakter-karakter penting yang terkait stomata antara lain: seperti jumlah, kerapatan, ukuran, bentuk, panjang-lebar sel penjaga, jumlah kloroplas, jumlah klorofil. Jumlah dan kerapatan stomata sangat dipengaruhi intensitas cahaya, semakin tinggi intensitasnya maka semakin banyak stomata pada kedua permukaan daun (Meriko dan Abizar, 2017). Mengukur panjang sel pelindung stomata adalah metode yang cepat dan akurat untuk mengklasifikasikan tanaman haploid dan diploid (Przywara et al., 1988).Teknik pengangkatan stomata mulai dari cara sederhana menggunakan pewarna kuku hingga penggunaan bahan kimia dan pembuatan preparat permanen sudah banyak dilaporkan. Pewarna kuku yang diulaskan pada permukaan daun sering digunakan untuk mengangkat stomata. Dengan pewarna kuku tersebut, stomata dapat dipertahankan tetap terbuka (Taluta et al. 2017). Prinsip dasar pengamatan stomata adalah dengan mengamati hasil pengambilan epidermis daun dibawah mikroskop.

   

Pengelolaan sampah organik menggunakan Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) /Lalat Tentara Hitam


Amelia Sebayang
Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia

Sampah merupakan salah satu permasalahan di banyak negara dan sistem pengelolaannya perlu mendapat perhatian lebih. Di Indonesia berdasarkan data dari Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia pada tahun 2020, total timbunan sampah mencapai 64 juta ton setiap tahun yang didominasi oleh sampah organik yakni mencapai 60% dari total sampah. Untuk mengurangi penimbunan sampah maka perlu dilakukan cara pengelolaan sampah yang baik. Berbagai cara pengelolaan sampah organik guna meningkatkan nilai ekonomis telah diusakahan salah satunya dengan pemanfaatan agen dekomposer. Salah satu agen dekomposer yang sedang mendapat perhatian dunia adalah lalat tentara hitam atau dikenal dengan Black Soldier Fly (BSF).

MANFAAT TANAMAN MINDI (Melia azedarach L)


Ayyub Arrahman dan M.Sudjak Saenong
Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia Maros


PENDAHULUAN
Tanaman ini berasal dari daerah himalaya (india) dan sekarang tersebar di seluruh daerah tropis dan  subtropis.  Tanaman  Mindi  dapat  tumbuh  setinggi  9 – 15  m.  Kayu  mindi  sering digunakan sebagai bahan bangunan. Mindi juga sering digunakan sebagai tanaman pelindung di perkebunan kopi dan teh. Buah yang masak akan tetap  tinggal di pohon selama beberapa bulan. Kandungan minyak  di  dalam  bijinya  sampai  40%.  Kandungan  minyak  ini  mengandung  bahan  aktif  alkaloid yang  larut  di  dalam  air.  Minyak  mindi  mengandung carotinoid  dan  meliatin.  Kandungan  bahan aktif  mindi  mirip  seperti  mimba,  yaitu: azadirachtin,  triol,  dan  salanin.  Tanaman  mindi  banyak dimanfaatkan untuk pestisida naba.

PENGELOLAAN HAMA ULAT GRAYAK


Ayyub Arrahman dan M.Sudjak Saenong
Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia Maros



PENDAHULUAN

Peluang peningkatan produksi jagung dalam negeri masih terbuka lebar, baik melalui peningkatan produktivitas maupun perluasan areal tanam utamanya pada lahan kering di luar Jawa. Meskipun produktivitas  jagung  nasional  meningkat,  namun  secara  umum  tingkat  produkivitas  biji  jagung nasional  masih  rendah  yaitu  baru  mencapai  3,11  t/ha  pada  tahun  2002  (Ditjen  Bina  Produksi Tanaman  Pangan,  2003).  Kegiatan  berbagai  institusi  baik  pemerintah  maupun  swasta  telah mampu  menyediakan  teknologi  produksi  jagung  dengan  tingkat  produktivitas  4,5-10,0  t/ha tergantung  pada  kondisi  lahan  dan  penerapan  teknologinya.    Namun  demikian  target  yang diharapkan  sering  tidak  dapat  dicapai  karena  adanya  berbagai  kendala.  Swastika  et  al  (2004) melaporkan  bahwa  masalah  yang sering dihadapi  dalam  meningkatkan produksi jagung nasional telah diidentifikasi dan dikelompokkan. Salah satu masalah produksi adalah cekaman lingkungan baik cekaman abiotis maupun biotis. Cekaman biotis berupa gangguan hama, gulma, dan penyakit sering  menimbulkan  kehilangan  hasil  yang  cukup  nyata.  Ulat  grayak  (Spodoptera  litura)  dapat merusak tanaman 5% sampai 50% (Metcalf dan Metcalf 1993).

SERANGGA HAMA WERENG JAGUNG

Ayyub Arrahman dan M.Sudjak Saenong

Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia Maros

PENDAHULUAN

 Dalam budidaya tanaman jagung, kendala yang dapat terjadi adalah adanya gangguan dari hama. Banyak jenis hama yang telah dilaporkan menyerang tanaman jagung (Sudarmo, 1990). Perkembangan hama pada tanaman jagung dapat dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor lingkungan seperti iklim, pola tanam, varietas rentan, dan faktor biotis seperti parasit dan predator maupun mikroorganisme lainnya.

PEMANFAATAN DAUN SIRSAK SEBAGAI PESTISIDA NABATI

 

Ayyub dan M.Sudjak Saenong

Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia Maros

 

PENDAHULUAN  Tanaman sirsak (Annona muricata L) cukup potensial untuk digunakan seba-gai bahan pestisida hayati. Daun sirsak mengandung senyawa acetogenin, antara lain asimisin, bulatasin, squamosin, saponin, flavonoid, dan tanin (Plantus 2008) dalam Harsoyo Purnomo dan Afri Utami, 2012).  Senya-wa-senyawa tersebut bersifat toksik, yang dapat mematikan serangga hama tertentu. Namun, untuk menentukan batas aman bagi organisme akuatik bukan sasaran perlu dilakukan pengujian dengan bioassay, untuk menguji toksisitas bahan kimia toksik (alkaloid) yang terdapat di dalam daun sirsak, atau untuk mengukur timgkat bahaya kontaminan bahan  kimia yang terdapat di dalam ekstrak daun sirsak terha-dap organisme akuatik (Harsoyo Purnomo dan Afri Utami, 2012). Kandungan daun sirsak mengandung senyawa acetoginin, antara lain asimisin, bulatacin dan squamosin. Pada konsentrasi tinggi, senyawa acetogenin memiliki keistimewan sebagai anti feedent. Dalam hal ini, serangga hama tidak lagi bergairah untuk melahap bagian tanaman yang disukainya. Sedangkan pada konsentrasi rendah, bersifat racun perut yang bisa mengakibatkan serangga hama menemui ajalnya (Septerina, 2002) dalam Rachmawati Nurjannah, 2012. Acetogenin adalah senyawa polyketides dengan struktur 30–32 rantai karbon tidak bercabang yang terikat pada gugus 5-methyl-2-furanone. Rantai furanone dalam gugus hydrofuranone pada C23 memiliki aktifitas sitotoksik, dan derivat acetogenin yang berfungsi sitotoksik adalah asimicin, bulatacin, dan squamocin (Shidiqi dkk.,2008) dalam Rachmawati Nurjannah, 2012).